Q.5.1 There has been an exponential increase in the usage of smart phones in the last decade. Some students now use smart phones to cheat on tests and assignments. Develop an Acceptable Use Policy concerning the use of smart phones for the Independent Institute of Education to be implemented at the various campuses.

No cellphone image. [Online] http://www.aveson.org/agla/cell-phone-policy [Accessed: 20 April 2017].

Digital Rights and Responsibilities

For every privilege, there is a responsibility (Ribble & Bailey, 2007).

Cell Phone Policy

1. Background

1.1 Cellphones are vital in communication, however, it is an accessory and not a necessity.

1.2 The IIE recognises the need to be in possession of a cellphone, but concerned about the
      usage thereof.

1.3 The following policy has been approved.

2.  Legislation

2.1 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996.

2.2 The South African School Act, Act 84 of 1996.

3.  General

3.1 The college takes no responsibility of lost electronic devices for learners, staff or visitors
      once entered onto the premises.

3.2 All electronic devices (cellphones, smartphones, laptops, iPad's, etc), must be turned off and
      put away during class, especially during tests, examination and assignment times.  That
      means no texting, no surfing the web, no gaming or answering calls.
3.3 The only device that is allowed is a real calculator (not a cellphone calculator).  If caught using
      any electronic device, it will be considered as cheating and will result in an automatic failure.
3.4 Please inform your instructor of any emergency that would require you to have your cellphone
      on during that session.

Thank you for your co-operation.

References:

Cellphone Policy. 2014 [Online]. Available at: http://sunvalleyprimary.co.za/downloads/policy/d_cell_phone_policy_2014.pdf

[Accessed 26 April 2017].

Digital Citizenship Module Manual 2016 (First Edition: 2015)

Q.4.1 Use your cell phone to create a short video for tertiary students on the importance of netiquette and why it is important. Discuss the role it plays in all aspects of our lives. Upload the video on to your blog.

DIGITAL ETIQUETTE

Digital etiquette image. [Online] http://areyouadigitalcitizen.weebly.com/digital-etiquette.html [Accessed: 29 April 2017].

Q 3.1 Discuss the Internet of Things and how it will affect businesses in South Africa. Identify a sector in the industry and detail how it will be impacted.

Internet of things image. [Online] https://www.pinterest.com/pin/307089268327068231/ [Accessed: 18 April 2017].

The Internet Of Things

This refers to a device or thing that is connected to the internet.  It is fast growing and it is already happening.  It is happening at a slow pace in South Africa, however, it is about to change very quickly over the next few years.  People want better service and cost efficiency, and IOT offers that kind of service. Let us look at the hospitality sector, i.e. restaurants.

According to the writer (Commerce, A, 2016), IOT devices and sensors are being used in restaurants to monitor health and safety, heating and cooling systems, ovens, refrigerators, deep fryers, etc.  This sort of monitoring saves time, money and reduces human error.  Wireless transmitters are being placed at restaurant tables, where you can place your order, ask for service, the bill etc.  In the future, these will be replaced by actual robots.

The way of the future is very overwhelming and it has its advantages and disadvantages.  There will definitely be more job losses with robotics taken over certain industries and jobs, in the future. However, I foresee no human has to ever work again.  Resources will always be there, so no one has to pay for anything because things will be freely available.  Robots will be able to manage themselves and systems, e.g. when the robots battery is running low, they will be programmed to go to a charging station to charge themselves and automatically another robot would then fill its place.  The possibilities are endless. According to the writer (Sannapureddy, BR, 2015), before we get to this sort of level, disadvantages like, safety, hacking and privacy would all be areas of concern.  IOT is a very complex system and we have become over-reliant on technology.




References:

Avanti Commerce. 2016. Connected Tech: The Internet Of Things In The Restaurant Industry. [Online]. Available at: http://www.avanti.com/blog/connected-tech-internet-things-restaurant-industry/ [Accessed 17 April 2017].

Pros And Cons Of The Internet Of Things. 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/pros-cons-internet-things-iot-bhaskara-reddy-sannapureddy [Accessed 17 April 2017].

Q.2.3 Provide a few tips on how one can manage their digital footprint?

Digital Footprint image. [Online] https://unigrad.com.au/managing-your-digital-footprint/ [Accessed: 9 March 2017].

Here are a few tips to manage your digital footprint:

1.  Be professional about what you say online

2.  Check your profile settings periodically

3.  Make sure that your private posts are private

4.  Use strong passwords

5.  Split your footprint
     This means that if shop you online, maybe dedicate one credit card for online shopping and
     another credit for day to day shopping, so that if your card is compromised online, then you
     only have one card to cancel.

6.  Be savvy, know what is out there
 
















Referencing:

Hudson Global. 2011-2017. Managing Your Footprint. [Online]. Available at: http://au.hudson.com/job-seekers/career-advice/managing-your-digital-footprint [Accessed 09 March 2017].

Just Creative. 2016. 8 Tips To Effectively Manage Your Digital Footprint. [Online]. http://justcreative.com/2016/05/09/8-tips-to-effectively-manage-your-digital-footprint/ [Accessed 09 March 2017].

Managing Your Digital Footprint. Make Your Social Media Squeaky Clean. [Online]. Available at: https://unigrad.com.au/managing-your-digital-footprint/ [Accessed 09 March 2017].

Q.2.2 Digital footprints can be construed as trails that digital citizens leave online. Do you think that digital footprints could become a problem? Discuss.

Footprint image. [Online] https://goo.gl/qXbjduhttps://goo.gl/qXbjdu [Accessed: 01 March 2017].

Let us look at what digital footprints are:

"It is the trail, traces or 'footprints'that people leave online."  This simply means that everything you do online, stays online whether you do delete information or not, e.g. browsing history, social media, photographs and videos that are uploaded, etc.  There are both positive and negative sides to digital footprints.

Let us look at the positive aspect:

1.  Detection of legal or fraudulent issues.

2.  Personalisation can add value to the use of the internet.
3.  Companies can offer incentives according to interests and needs resulting in cost savings.
4.  The ability to reach new markets online minimising expenses.

The negative side is:

1.  Personal information can be used without our knowledge.
2.  Negative reviews can be posted by irate customers and are there forever.
3.  Constant adverts and information that are sent via 3rd parties

References:

Digital Citizenship Module Manual 2016 (First Edition: 2015)

Pros And Cons Of Your Digital Footprint. 2013. [Online]. Available at:
http://www.vivint.com/neighborhood/tech-neighbor/pros-and-cons-of-your-digital-footprint/ [Accessed 02 March 2017].

Q.2.1 Unemployment between the ages of 15 and 24 has reached a staggering 71 million (ILO, 2016). Solution fluency is a guided problem solving framework that consists of six D’s. Use the solution fluency process to solve unemployment problems in your area. Provide a brief background of your area and how you intend to tackle this problem.

Solution fluency image: [Online] https://allthingslearning.wordpress.com/tag/solution-fluency/ [Accessed: 29 March 2017].

Solution fluency is extracting information to gain knowledge.

Define:
We need to identify the problem and plan on how to start the research.

• Unemployment in South Africa has reached a staggering high of 51% between the ages of 15-29.  South African women in this age group is a total of 63%.  We will try and solve the unemployment problems in Elsies River, Cape Town.

Discover:
At this stage, we need to look at all the different angles of how we got to this point and could something have been done differently.

• There are many factors that contribute to the unemployment in Elsies River.  These factors are all connected in some or other way.  Possible problems to look at are:   past criminal records, drug and alcohol abuse, gangsterism and the lack of education. There are the economic factors of the country that also makes it quite difficult.

Dream:
This is where we look at the possible and impossible solutions to this process.

• I would like to start funding process, NGO, for educating and developing skills for the unemployed.  We can implement basic working skills such as computer literacy, work shadow, life skills, etc.   We can also offer free online job search skills.

Design:
It is the planning of how to make the dream a reality and taking the necessary steps to get there.

• Firstly, we need to design a layout and put pen to paper in order to find sponsorship, volunteers and venue.  Lots of research and knowledge will be needed to implement this.

Deliver:
This is where the dream becomes a reality.

• Once the design layout has been approved, the plan can be actioned accordingly whether it is though publication or production.

Debrief:
It the process whereby we evaluate and analyse the steps we took to define the problem. Has the solution been resolved?

• The situation has been reviewed and there is definitely room for improvement.  It was discovered that this program can only help those who wants to be helped.  More developing skills like self-esteem / self worth and communication will be the next step to improving the situation of unemployment.  More brainstorming was done and short courses will be offered as well, e.g. sewing, plumbing, etc.  Basic tools are means of earning money as well, not just having a degree.

Referencing:

Digital Citizenship Module Manual 2016 (First Edition: 2015)

Q.1.4 Create a LinkedIn account and subscribe to two at least 2 groups that are relevant to your field of study. Add a link of your profile to your blog.

Link image. [Online] http://www.screwsindustries.com/industry-links/ [Accessed: 15 March 2017].



1st Link:    Linkedin     https://www.linkedin.com/feed/?trk=hb_signin

2nd Link:  Google        https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=jm#inbox

Q.1.3 Organisations such as Facebook, Airbnb and Uber have harnessed social capital to grow their market shares and become major disruptive forces in their industries. Define and explain how a digital citizen can build and enhance social capital.

Social capital image. [Online] http://www.develop-project.eu/news/analysing-social-capital-for-career-development [Accessed: 21 March 2017].



What is social capital?

Social capital is “the collective value of all social networks (who people know) and the
inclinations that arise from these networks to do things for each other (‘norms of reciprocity’).
The central premise of social capital is that social networks have value”
(BetterTogether initiative, [s.a.]).


A digital citizen can build and enhance social capital by going out and meeting people.
There are many websites that can help connect people.  Networking is the means of through which you gain social capital.  To improve social capital, it is not about the number of contacts you make, but the long lasting contact you have with them.


Staying in touch with your clients are critical for building and maintaining social capital.  It is important to give your clients a call, call the people who have referred business to you, list a number of people to stay in contact with and do follow ups.  Social capital is an international currency for business networking. 













References:

Digital Citizenship Module Manual 2016 (First Edition: 2015)

Entrepreneur. 2011. Four Steps To Building Social Capital. [Online]. Available at: 
https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/219590 [Accessed 30 March 2017].

Q.1.2 Facebook in a quest to mitigate the effects of infrastructure and the digital divide have launched Project Aquila. The problem of infrastructure is prevalent in Africa. Discuss the implication of all the different forms of the digital divide.

Digital divide image. [Online] https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs181/projects/digital-divide/start.html [Accessed: 13 March 2017]

Digital divide is the gap between those who have access to computers and the internet and those who do not.  There are 6 forms of digital divide.


1.  A socio-economic divide
     The first issue surrounding access is that of the ability to access, in general, data and
     information through the use of digital devices. This lack of access is known as the ‘digital
     divide’, or sometimes referred to as those that have and those that ‘have not’ 
     (Dutton, 2004).  This is relevant in the case of Internet use, where nations vary widely in
     the number or ratio of the public with access to the Internet.

2.  A divide in infrastructure
     Continuing along the theme of developing vs developed countries lies the issue of
     infrastructure.  Developed countries have a far greater penetration of appropriate and
     up-to-date infrastructure than that of developing countries. Quite simply, it is the
     infrastructure of developing countries that often impedes the broad range of access, in
     addition to socio-economic factors. A prime example is that of South Africa’s poor
     electricity infrastructure that is under such extreme pressure that rolling blackouts are
     experienced.

3.  A divide in content
     According to Dutton (2004), nearly 70% of websites are in English. Although this has
     changed substantially, the fact of the matter remains that English dominates the web.

4.  A gender divide
     According to a 2013 report, the Internet gender gap is notable in developing countries,
     with very real consequences to the girls and women of those communities. The statistics
     show that, on average, women are online in developing countries 23% less than that of
     their male counterparts.  In some cases, this gap is over 40%. What are the
     consequences? People derive huge benefits through the use of and access to the
     Internet. These include economic and educational opportunities, access to support
     communities, as well as accessing career opportunities.  Furthermore, by providing
     access for women to ICT's, nations are better able to empower women and provide
     equitable development (Women and the Web, 2013).

5.  A skills divide
     Having the skills to operate a computer is probably the biggest opportunity, or hindrance,
     to the adoption, or not, of technology for development. Although accessibility is
     increasing, skills are not necessarily conforming at the same rate of increase. These
     skills relate to digital literacies.  This is perhaps a greater issue than that of physical
     access, as those that are disadvantaged due to socio-economic factors have less
     exposure to digital technology, thereby impeding their skills acquisition in the job market.
     However, it should be noted that despite socioeconomic factors playing a role in the level
     of skills, it is not all bound to social strata but also to personal factors.

6.  The universal access divide
     Another issue pertaining to digital access is that of those who are physically
     disadvantaged.  Those that suffer from some physical disability are often disenfranchised
     when it comes to access, not because of the lack of skills but, moreover, the hardware
     and software utilised an available.  Furthermore, the cost of such hardware and software
     is exorbitant.




References:

Digital Citizenship Module Manual 2016 (First Edition: 2015)

Q.1.1 Ribble (2011) identifies nine elements that make up digital citizenship, encompassing the issue of the use, abuse and misuse of technology. Briefly discuss these nine elements.

Digital Citizenship is more than just a teaching tool; it is a way to prepare students/technology users for a society full of technology – Dr. Mike Ribble

Digital citizenship image. [Online] https://www.fractuslearning.com/2014/09/09/digital-citizenship-poster/ [Accessed: 29 February 2017]

There are 9 Elements:

1.  Digital Access

     It is "The full electronic participation in Society" (Ribble,2011)

2.  Digital Commerce

     Is defined as the "electronic selling and buying of goods and services" through digital
     channels (Digiteen, [s.a.]). Here the key differentiator is 'digital channels'.

3.  Digital Communication

     According to Ribble,(2011) digital communication “is the electronic exchange of
     information”.  Essentially it is communication that has been encoded electronically to
     facilitate the transmission for exchange, allowing it to be stored and / or processed by
     computers.

4.  Digital Literacy

     Digital Literacy is the ability to use information and communication technologies to find,
     evaluate, create and communicate information, requiring both cognitive and technical
     skills (Digital Literacy Defined, ALA. [s.a.]).

5.  Digital Etiquette

     Digital etiquette, or netiquette as it is sometimes referred to, is a basic set of rules
     pertaining to behaviour that needs to be followed to ensure the Internet is better for all
     users. Basically it means “the use of good manners in online communication such as
     email, forums, blogs, and social networking sites” (Digital Citizenship, Auburn 
     University. [s.a.]).

6.  Digital Law

     Digital law is “defined as the electronic responsibility for actions, deeds which is either
     ethical or unethical” (Digiteen,2014).

7.  Digital Rights and Responsibilities

     Digital rights and responsibilities are the "privileges and freedom extended to all digital
     technology users, and the behavioural expectations that come with them"
     (Ribble & Bailey, 2007).

8.  Digital Health and Wellness

     According to Ribble (2011) the definition of Digital Health and Wellness is: "Physical
     and psychological well being in a digital technological world."

9.  Digital Security

     "Digital security refers to ensuring the ability to use digital information and information
      systems without interference, disruption, unauthorised access or data collection"
      (Security in-a-Box, [s.a.]). Ribble (2011) defines it as the "electronic precautions to
      Ribble (2011) defines it as the “electronic precautions to guarantee digital safety”
      (digital citizenship, [s.a.]).





References:

Digital Citizenship Module Manual 2016 (First Edition: 2015)